IPO kya hai, kaise apply karein, lot size, allotment process — complete Hindi guide Indian stock market ke liye.
Published by The Retail Trader · AUG 08, 2026 · Features
IPO kya hai, kaise apply karein, lot size, allotment process — complete Hindi guide Indian stock market ke liye.
IPO ka full form hai Initial Public Offering. Jab ek company pehli baar apne shares public ko offer karti hai stock exchange pe — usko IPO kehte hain.
Simple definition: > IPO = Company pehli baar apne shares bech rahi hai public ko. Tum company ke part-owner ban sakte ho.
Real Example:
• Zomato IPO (2021): ₹72-76 price band, ₹9,375 crore raised
• Paytm IPO (2021): ₹2,080-2,150 price band, ₹18,300 crore raised
• Tata Technologies IPO (2023): ₹475-500 price band, huge oversubscription
Company ko paisa chahiye expansion ke liye → IPO launch karne ka decision
Company SEBI (market regulator) ke paas Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP) file karti hai. SEBI review karta hai aur approval deta hai.
Company ek price band announce karti hai:
• Example: ₹300-350 per share
• Tum ₹300 se ₹350 ke beech mein bid kar sakte ho
IPO 3-5 din ke liye open hota hai. Is period mein tum apply kar sakte ho.
IPO mein minimum ek "lot" apply karna padta hai:
• Example: Lot size = 40 shares
• Price ₹350 → Minimum investment: 40 × ₹350 = ₹14,000
IPO period mein subscription status aata hai:
• 1x = Exactly demand = supply
• 3x = 3x demand > supply (oversubscribed)
• 10x = Bahut zyada demand → allotment mushkil
Agar IPO oversubscribed hai toh lottery system se allotment hota hai:
• 1 lot guaranteed nahi hai
• Retail category mein usually 1 lot mil jaata hai (small IPOs mein)
• Bade IPOs mein partial allotment hota hai
Shares stock exchange pe list hote hain:
• Listing gain: Agar IPO price se upar list ho → instant profit
• Listing loss: Agar neeche list ho → instant loss
Via Zerodha (Kite):
• Kite app kholo
• Console → IPO section
• Active IPOs dikhenge
• Apply karo → UPI ID daalo
• Lot size select karo
• Submit karo
• UPI mandate approve karo (bank app mein)
Via Groww:
• Groww app kholo
• IPO tab
• Active IPO select karo
• Apply karo → UPI ID
• Lot size + price select karo
• Submit + UPI mandate approve
Via Bank (ASBA):
• Net banking login karo
• IPO/ASBA section
• IPO select karo
• Application fill karo
• Amount freeze hoga (ASBA)
DRHP mein company ki complete information hoti hai:
• Business model
• Financial statements
• Risk factors
• Use of proceeds
• Management team
GMP batata hai ki market IPO ko kaisa reaction de raha hai:
• GMP positive = Listing premium expected
• GMP negative = Listing discount expected
• GMP zero = Neutral
Oversubscription se allotment probability samjh aata hai:
• Retail 1x = Easily mil jaayega
• Retail 10x = Allotment mushkil
• QIB high = Institutional interest strong
Ek PAN se sirf ek application allowed hai. Multiple applications = rejection.
Tip 5: Listing Day Pe Decision:
• Listing gain mila? → Book profit (partial ya full)
• Listing loss hua? → Company fundamentals check karo → Hold ya exit
Ye chaar baatein dhyaan mein rakho:
• 2023 — Avg Listing Gain: +28%, Notable Winners: Tata Technologies, IREDA
• 2024 — Avg Listing Gain: +35%, Notable Winners: Bajaj Housing, Hyundai India
• 2025 — Avg Listing Gain: +22%, Notable Winners: Mixed
• 2026 YTD — Avg Listing Gain: +18%, Notable Winners: Data available on TRT calendar
Disclaimer: IPO returns vary widely. Kuch IPOs 100%+ dete hain, kuch listing day pe 30% ghir jaate hain.
Oversubscribed IPOs mein allotment milna mushkil hai. Apply karne ka matlab allotment nahi.
IPO price se neeche list ho sakta hai. Paytm IPO ne listing day pe 27% loss diya.
Promoters ke shares 6-12 months lock-in mein hote hain. Lock-up khatam hone pe selling pressure aa sakta hai.
Kuch companies overvaluation pe IPO launch karti hain. Long-term mein stock girta hai.
TRT ke calendar pe upcoming IPOs dekhne ke liye:
• /calendar pe jao
• IPO section select karo
• Upcoming IPOs with dates, price bands, lot sizes dikhenge
Ye baatein dhyaan mein rakho:
• 📌 IPO QUICK REFERENCE
• PROCESS:
• 1️⃣ Company files DRHP with SEBI
• 2️⃣ Price band announced
• 3️⃣ IPO opens (3-5 days)
• 4️⃣ Apply via broker (Zerodha/Groww) or bank (ASBA)
• 5️⃣ Subscription status check karo
• 6️⃣ Allotment (lottery if oversubscribed)
• 7️⃣ Listing day (stock exchange pe trade shuru)
• HOW TO APPLY:
• ✅ Zerodha → Console → IPO → Apply
• ✅ Groww → IPO tab → Apply
• ✅ Bank → Net banking → ASBA
• ✅ UPI mandate approve karo
• TIPS:
• 📊 DRHP padho (business, financials, risks)
• 📊 GMP check karo (grey market premium)
• 📊 Subscription status dekho
• 📊 1 PAN = 1 application only
• 📊 Listing day pe profit book karo (if gained)
• RISKS:
• ❌ No guaranteed allotment
• ❌ Listing loss possible
• ❌ Overvaluation risk
• ❌ Lock-up period selling pressure
Ye paanch baatein dhyaan mein rakho:
• IPO Calendar — Upcoming IPOs
• Share Market Kya Hai?
• Stock Market Kya Hai?
• Demat Account Kaise Kholein?
• Nifty 50 Companies List 2026
The Retail Trader — educational market analysis. Not investment advice.
Ye article sirf educational hai — koi buy ya sell recommendation nahi, koi guaranteed return ka daawa nahi, aur koi advisory nahi. Rules, rates aur mechanics exchange, SEBI aur RBI time-time par badalte hain, isliye har number apne broker ya official source par khud verify karo.